Electricity is a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles such as electrons or protons. It is a fundamental part of nature and one of the most widely used forms of energy. Here’s a detailed breakdown:
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Basic Concept:
- Electric Charge: There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative. Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract each other.
- Electrons and Protons: Electrons are negatively charged particles found in atoms, and protons are positively charged particles located in the nucleus of atoms.
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Types of Electricity:
- Static Electricity: This is the result of an imbalance between negative and positive charges in objects. It can cause sparks or the attraction of light objects (like hair standing on end).
- Current Electricity: This is the flow of electric charge across an electrical field, typically through a conductor like a wire.
- Direct Current (DC)
- Alternating Current (AC)
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Production of Electricity:
- Electromagnetic Induction: Most electricity is generated by moving a conductor (like a copper wire) through a magnetic field, which induces a flow of electrons.
- Chemical Reactions: In batteries, chemical reactions create a flow of electrons.
- Solar Cells: Convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductors.
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Units and Measurement:
- Voltage (V): The potential difference that drives the electric charge to flow.
- Current (I): The flow rate of electric charge, measured in amperes (A).
- Resistance (R): Opposition to the flow of current, measured in ohms (Ω).
- Power (P): The rate at which electricity is used or generated, measured in watts (W).
See also: [Wiring]